The Perils of "X-ray Vision": How Radiographic Images Have Historically Influenced Perception

Abstract

The Perils of "X-ray Vision":How Radiographic Images Have Historically Influenced Perception Barron H. Lerner Barron H. Lerner Department of Medicine, Columbia University. College of Physicians and Surgeons. Current address: Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars Program, 3747 15th Avenue NE, HQ-18, Seattle, Washington 98105 References 1. REISER, S. J. Medicine and the Reign of Technology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978. Google Scholar 2. DARIUS, J. Beyond Vision. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984. Google Scholar 3. CRARY, J. Techniques of the Observer. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1990. Google Scholar 4. GIFFORD, D. The Farther Shore. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1990. Google Scholar 5. SNYDER, J., and ALLEN, N. W. Photography, vision and representation. Critical Inquiry 2:143-169, 1975. Google Scholar 6. A discussion on the use of x-rays in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Archives of the Roentgen Ray 17:477-485, 1913. Google Scholar 7. LEONARD, C. L. The application of the Roentgen rays to medical diagnosis. JAMA 29:1157-1158, 1897. Google Scholar 8. SAMPSON, H. L. Diagnosis by x-rays. In The Story of Clinical Tuberculosis, edited by L. BROWN. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins Co., 1941. Google Scholar 9. BECK, C. Errors caused by the false interpretation of the Roentgen rays, and their medico-legal aspects. Medical Record 58:281-285, 1900. Google Scholar 10. REVIERE, C. The Early Diagnosis of Tubercle. London: Henry Frowde, 1914. Google Scholar 11. COTTON, W. The true principles of x-ray interpretation. Archives of the Roentgen Ray 10:131-132, 1905. Google Scholar 12. COTTON, W. Stereoscopic x-ray representation. Bristol Med. Chir. J. 20:218-220, 1902. Google Scholar 13. COTTON, W. The true and false perspective of x-ray representation. Archives of the Roentgen Ray 7:25-34, 1902. Google Scholar 14. KASSABIAN, M. Roentgen Rays and Electro-therapeutics. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott and Co., 1910. Google Scholar 15. A discussion on the use of x-rays in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Archives of the Roentgen Ray 18:25-34, 1913. Google Scholar 16. CARMAN, R. D. Limitations of roentgenologic diagnosis. N.Y. State J. Med. 22:302-305, 1922. Google Scholar 17. FRAENKEL, E., and LOREZ A. The anatomical meaning of the hilus shadow in the skiagram of the chest. Archives of the Roentgen Ray 14:288-290, 1910. Google Scholar 18. GREEN, A. S. The value of the Roentgen rays in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Archives of the Roentgen Ray 8:144-148, 1904. Google Scholar 19. JONES, P. M. X-rays and x-ray diagnosis. JAMA 27:945-947, 1897. Google Scholar 20. X-rays [Editorial], Boston Med. Surg. J. 134:174-175, 1896. Google Scholar 21. HOWELL, J. D. Early use of x-ray machines and electro-cardiographs at the Pennsylvania Hospital. JAMA 255:2320-2323, 1986. Google Scholar 22. The Roentgen rays in surgical work [Editorial]. Br. Med. J. 2:1026-1027, 1899. Google Scholar 23. GRAD, H. The Roentgen ray as an aid to diagnosis. Archives of the Roentgen Ray 8:154-155, 1904. Google Scholar 24. Editorial. Archives of the Roentgen Ray 4:27-28, 1899. Google Scholar 25. WILLIAMS, F. H. Outline of the clinical uses of the x-ray. Boston Med. Surg. J. 139:525-528, 1898. Google Scholar 26. STEDMAN, T. L., ed. Twentieth Century Practice. New York: William Wood, 1900. Google Scholar 27. BRIDGE, N. Tuberculosis. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, 1903. Google Scholar 28. OCHSNER, S. F. Pulmonary tuberculosis: Contributions of radiology in diagnosis and treatment. South. Med. J. 79:1416-1424, 1986. Google Scholar 29. SEWALL, H., and CHILDS, S. B. A comparison of physical signs and x-ray pictures of the chest in early stages of tuberculosis. Arch. Intern. Med. 10:45-67, 1912. Google Scholar 30. WALSHAM, H. On the shadow of the succussion splash of Hippocrates. Archives of the Roentgen Ray 7:52, 1902. Google Scholar 31. WALSHAM, H. The Roentgen rays in diseases of the chest. Archives of the Roentgen Ray 4:85-89, 1900. Google Scholar 32. S...

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