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Data, Information, Evidence, and Knowledge: A Proposal for Health Informatics and Data Science

2019·55 Zitationen·Online Journal of Public Health InformaticsOpen Access
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55

Zitationen

1

Autoren

2019

Jahr

Abstract

In this commentary, I revisit and modify Ackoff's data-information-knowledge-wisdom (DIKW) hierarchy. I suggest to de-emphasize the wisdom part and to insert evidence between information and knowledge (DIEK). This framework defines data as raw symbols, which become information when they are contextualized. Information achieves the status of evidence in comparison to relevant standards. Evidence is used to test hypotheses and is transformed into knowledge by success and consensus. As checkpoints for the transition from evidence to knowledge I suggest relevance, robustness, repeatability, and reproducibility.

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Themen

Ethics in Clinical ResearchPublic Health Policies and EducationElectronic Health Records Systems
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