A Survey of Quantization Methods for Efficient Neural Network Inference

Abstract

This chapter provides approaches to the problem of quantizing the numerical values in deep Neural Network computations, covering the advantages/disadvantages of current methods. Over the past decade, people have observed significant improvements in the accuracy of Neural Networks (NNs) for a wide range of problems, often achieved by highly over-parameterized models. Achieving efficient, real-time NNs with optimal accuracy requires rethinking the design, training, and deployment of NN models. Model distillation involves training a large model and then using it as a teacher to train a more compact model. Loosely related to NN quantization is work in neuroscience that suggests that the human brain stores information in a discrete/quantized form, rather than in a continuous form. Gray and Neuhoff have written a very nice survey of the history of quantization up to 1998.

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