Is Artificial Intelligence a Helping Hand for the Future of Neurosurgery?

Abstract

An increase in population and rapid lifestyle change has caused severe issues throughout different ages of life, which increases the risk of chronic neurological disorders despite a decline in mortality. Recent advancements in technology have led to the growth and application of artificial intelligence (AI) in different areas of neuroscience, and neurosurgery is no exclusion to this growing trend. Huge amounts of integrated data promise to reveal new insights into the therapeutic interventions of neurological diseases, including neurosurgery. AI focuses on how computers learn from data and simulate human intelligence, which are likely to become ubiquitous in the coming period. Further, AI allows fast and comprehensive analysis of big clinical data produced by current health care systems and otherwise done by human means would be an impossible task to accomplish. Incorporating AI in the health care sector can increase decision-making capacity to forecast outcomes and improve productivity. In addition, AI may enhance clinical practice by aiding in diagnostics, clinical decision making, postoperative monitoring, and prognosis for selecting the most suitable management approach for neuro-surgical disorders. At this stage, clinical AI aids human mental and physical abilities. AI-facilitated neurosurgery should involve a symbiotic association between humankind and machine instead of automation and replacing human skills to avoid overdependency and therapeutic risks. This article reviews AI applications in neurosurgery, focusing on the diagnosis, preoperative planning, monitoring treatment response, and predicting outcome applications with an outline of the vital role of artificial intelligence in different neurodegenerative diseases and response studies with potential challenges.

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