Animation and Artificial Intelligence

Abstract

Animation as genre is broadly used across many forms of digital media. In this paper, I argue ChatGPT and similar chatbots powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) can be best understood as animated characters. More than just cartooning, puppetry, or CGI, animation is a paradigm involving the projection of qualities perceived as human such as power, agency, will, and personality outside of the self and onto objects in the environment. Characteristics of animation—including reliance on stereotypes, obfuscation of human labor, and manipulation of an audience's emotions—can help us both analyze and respond appropriately to interactive AI technologies and the hyperbolic claims of their promoters.

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