When I use a word . . . Academic fraud—plagiarism

Abstract

Of the various types of academic misdemeanours and felonies, perhaps plagiarism is the most difficult and complex to study and write about. Even defining it is difficult. The US Office of Research Integrity (ORI) defines plagiarism as “the appropriation of another person9s ideas, processes, results, or words without giving appropriate credit,” but how do you define when it has occurred? What are the quantitative and qualitative thresholds? What are the different types of plagiarism? Why does plagiarism occur? How does one detect it? What is self-plagiarism and should we even call it that? There is an enormous literature on the subject and it needs to be tamed; an annotated bibliography would help, if anyone would create one. Perhaps they already have?

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