When I use a word . . . Academic felonies and misdemeanours—adverse effects

Abstract

Estimates of the frequencies of the different types of academic felonies (research misconduct), fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism, are in single figures, at between 2% and 5% of all publications. Misdemeanours are more common. However, these figures are probably underestimates of the true frequencies, and even if the numbers seem relatively low, felonies are likely to have marked effects on research results. There is, for example, some evidence that they may contribute to the problem of poor reproducibility of research results. Furthermore, the quality of the data included in meta-analyses of published studies can certainly affect the conclusions of the analyses, as the example of ivermectin in the treatment of covid-19 shows.

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