Limits of ChatGPT's Conversational Pragmatics in a Turing Test About Ethics, Commonsense, and Cultural Sensitivity

Abstract

Does ChatGPT deliver its explicit claim to be culturally sensitive and its implicit claim to be a friendly digital person when conversing with human users? These claims are investigated from the perspective of linguistic pragmatics, particularly Grice's cooperative principle in communication. Following the pattern of real-life communication, turn-taking conversations reveal limitations in the LLM's grasp of the entire contextual setting described in the prompt. The prompts included ethical issues, a hiking adventure, geographical orientation and bodily movement. For cultural sensitivity the prompts came from a Pakistani Muslim in English language, from a Hindu in English, and from a Chinese in Chinese language. The issues were deeply cultural issues involving feelings and affects. Qualitative analysis of the conversation pragmatics showed that ChatGPT is often unable to conduct conversations according to the pragmatic principles of quantity, reliable quality, remaining in focus, and being clear in expression. We conclude that ChatGPT should not be presented as a global LLM but be subdivided into several culture-specific modules.

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