A systematic review of artificial intelligence applications in education: Emerging trends and challenges

Abstract

The academic world is becoming increasingly interested in the applications of Artificial Intelligence technology in education. A systematic review examines AI applications in education, focusing on their effectiveness, challenges, and implications. A comprehensive analysis of studies published between 2011 and 2024 encompassed 45 research articles from major databases, such as PubMed Central, IEEE Xplore, Elsevier, Springer, MDPI, ACM, and PMC. The findings highlight the predominant use of generative AI tools like ChatGPT (30%), followed by other advanced technologies, such as GPT-4, machine learning, and virtual reality. Research across global regions, particularly in Canada (18%), the United States (12%), and China (8%), highlights the multifaceted applications of AI in enhancing personalized learning, fostering critical thinking, and supporting professional education. Tools such as ChatGPT have demonstrated strong performance in theoretical knowledge delivery and medical education, while augmented and virtual reality excels in practical skill development. Despite these advances, challenges such as data privacy concerns, algorithmic bias, and the need for specialized educator training remain critical. • Show Artificial Intelligence (AI) integration in education supports personalized learning, boosting engagement and teaching effectiveness. • Demonstrate ChatGPT is the most studied AI tool, featuring in 36% of the reviewed educational studies. • Exhibit AI technologies face challenges in accuracy, ethical concerns, and data privacy in education. • Reveal Canada and China lead by contributing 16% and 12% of AI in education studies. • Conclude advanced AI tools like GPT-4 demonstrate promising results in medical and technical education.

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