Knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) toward artificial intelligence in rehabilitation among occupational therapists: A cross-sectional online survey in Korea

Abstract

In the healthcare field, artificial intelligence (AI) enhances diagnostic precision, optimizes treatment strategies, and enables tailored care delivery. The attitudes and acceptance of AI among healthcare professionals critically determine the rate of technological integration and practical application. This study investigates occupational therapists' knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning AI in rehabilitation settings, while analyzing associated influencing factors. An online survey was administered to 224 occupational therapists to evaluate their knowledge, attitudes, and practices of AI, alongside their future adoption intentions. The study further explored demographic-based disparities in these variables and assessed the relationship between each factor and adoption intent. Higher educational levels were associated with greater knowledge, more positive attitudes, and higher engagement in AI-related practices. Importantly, attitudes played a key mediating role: while knowledge and practice did not directly predict adoption intentions, both influenced intentions indirectly through attitudes. While occupational therapists generally exhibit optimism toward AI, institutional barriers - particularly insufficient organizational support and ethical frameworks - are perceived as major impediments to implementation. Effective AI adoption necessitates systemic changes, including standardized protocols, interdisciplinary training programs, and policy reforms, complementing individual mindset shifts.

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