Misuse of LLMs in Cybercrime and Countermeasures

Abstract

The rapid proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized numerous sectors, from business intelligence to healthcare, by enabling advanced natural language understanding and generation. However, their misuse in cybercrime has emerged as a critical concern, encompassing activities such as automated phishing, disinformation campaigns, social engineering, and the generation of malicious code. This chapter explores the diverse modalities through which LLMs can be exploited for cybercriminal purposes, highlighting the technological, ethical, and legal challenges associated with their deployment. It further examines contemporary countermeasures, including AI-driven threat detection, robust model governance, user authentication protocols, and regulatory frameworks designed to mitigate LLM-related risks. By analyzing case studies and ongoing research initiatives, this chapter provides a comprehensive overview of both the threats posed by LLM misuse and the strategic interventions necessary to secure these powerful AI systems.

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