Exploring medical co-design in the AI era: A scoping review

Abstract

This study explores the current development and findings of Medical Co-design (MCD) in the era of artificial intelligence (AI). As design objects evolve from products addressing single-function needs to complex systems catering to diverse stakeholders' values, medical designers face the challenges of overcoming high knowledge barriers and coordinating multiple interests. MCD is regarded as an effective approach to addressing these challenges. This paper adopts a scoping review approach to analyse the progress and limitations of existing research in the field of MCD, with a particular focus on overcoming knowledge barriers. Additionally, the study examines the integration of AI technologies, particularly the application of large language models (LLMs), exploring their evolving roles in co-design and their impact on participants, providing new insights into human-AI co-design. The research reveals that traditional human-centred co-design has gradually evolved into human-AI co-design and even AI-AI co-design. This paper presents a theoretical framework for multi-agent collaboration, preliminarily identifying the interaction patterns between humans and AI agents during the design process and their potential impact on design outcomes. This study offers a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for future AI-assisted MCD practices. The findings will contribute to a better understanding of the intrinsic mechanisms of human-AI co-design and provide insights for optimizing knowledge integration and innovation processes in MCD. © 2001 Elsevier Science. All rights reserved

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