AI in Ophthalmology

Abstract

This chapter discusses a wide range of systems that are being applied in the field of ophthalmology, outlining the collection of data, labelling techniques, and why ophthalmology lends itself to the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques. There is discussion around diagnosis and treatment and links to AI, and it delves into the field of oculomics, whereby systemic disease can be identified by ocular changes picked up during screening. Illustration via several case studies leads into the discussion of deep learning (DL) system training alongside foundation models (FMs) to demonstrate how large language model (LLM) use is enabling system training that is both medically correct and communicates its findings in patient-friendly approaches.

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