Doctors’ Perception on the Adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technology in Medical Practice: A Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) Approach

Abstract

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has brought transformative potential to the medical field, but its full realization is highly dependent on acceptance and adoption by doctor. This study aims to measure doctor’ perceptions of AI technology adoption in their clinical practice, with a focus on factors influencing their adoption intention. The study used a quantitative approach through a survey of 33 doctor at Community Health Centers in Sumedang. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) based on an expanded Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) with variables such as Trust, Ethical and Legal Concerns, and Training and Knowledge. The analysis results indicated that the model had good measurement quality and was able to explain 66.2% of the variance in AI adoption intention. Key findings revealed that Perceived Usefulness <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(\boldsymbol{\beta}=\mathbf{0. 5 4 4})$</tex> is the main driver of adoption intention, indicating that doctor prioritize the functional benefits of AI. Conversely, Ethical and Legal Concerns <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(\beta=-0.291)$</tex> emerged as the second most significant inhibitor, highlighting the importance of non-technical issues in the adoption decision. Other factors, such as Trust <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(\beta=0.128)$</tex> and Training and Knowledge <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(\beta=0.131)$</tex>, showed a weaker positive influence. Interestingly, Perceived Ease of Use showed a very weak and insignificant influence <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(\boldsymbol{\beta}=-\mathbf{0. 0 9 9})$</tex>, implying that for doctor, the benefits and risks of AI are more dominant than its ease of use. Overall, this study concludes that doctor’ AI adoption intention is predominantly driven by their assessment of clinical benefits and concerns regarding ethical and legal risks, while ease of use plays a secondary role.

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