Evaluating the clinical utility of large language models for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment recommendations: A nationwide retrospective registry study

Abstract

Concordance between LLM-generated and physician treatment decisions was associated with improved survival in early-stage HCC, whereas this association was not observed in advanced-stage disease. While LLMs may serve as adjunctive tools for guideline-concordant decisions in straightforward scenarios, their recommendations may reflect limited contextual awareness in complex clinical situations requiring individualized care. LLM recommendations should be interpreted cautiously alongside clinical judgment.

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