From Object to Companion: Exploring Human–AI Interaction Through the RRZ Interactive Box

Abstract

Artificial intelligence is increasingly reshaping human–computer interaction (HCI), shifting devices from functional tools toward responsive companions. This paper presents a study on the RRZ Interactive Box, an AI-powered smart medication management device designed for elderly users. Unlike conventional pill boxes that only provide mechanical reminders, the RRZ Box integrates voice interaction, multimodal reminders, and emergency call functions to support accurate medication adherence and daily well-being. A mixed-methods evaluation with twelve older adults (aged 65–79) assessed usability, workload, technology acceptance, and perceptions of companionship. Results showed above-average usability (mean SUS = 73.5), moderate workload, and strong ease-of-use ratings (mean = 5.6/7). Participants appreciated the clear reminders and supportive voice feedback, though some expressed concerns about privacy and reliability in emergencies. Importantly, several participants described the device as “friendly” and reassuring, suggesting its potential to function as a digital companion in addition to a medication manager. The study highlights how embedding relational design principles in assistive technologies can enhance both functional adherence and emotional support. The RRZ Box exemplifies a design trajectory where AI-enabled health devices are reimagined as partners in daily life, offering insights for intelligent healthcare technologies in aging societies.

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