Long‐Term Caregivers' Perceptions and Expectations Toward the Use of Nursing Robots: A Meta‐Synthesis of Qualitative Research

Abstract

This study aims to synthesize the perceptions and expectations of long-term caregivers regarding the use of nursing robots to inform strategies for enhancing the quality and operational efficiency of care services. Global poulation aging has exacerbated long-term caregiver burnout and critical staff shortages. Nursing robots present a potential solution to mitigate these challenges and improve care standards. We conducted a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies, searching eleven databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, SinoMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and Vip) from their inception through January 1, 2025, for publications in Chinese and English. The search strategy utilized a comprehensive set of terms related to four core concepts: long-term caregivers, nursing robots, long-term care settings, and perceptions/experiences. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tools. Following a rigorous screening and data extraction process, a thematic synthesis of 26 included studies was conducted using NVivo software. The analysis yielded three analytical themes and nine sub-themes: (1) Affirmation and Acceptance, (2) Concerns and Challenges, and (3) Expectations and Requirements. Findings reveal that while most long-term caregivers are enthusiastic about nursing robots, they also express significant concerns about technical reliability, safety, and privacy. Future efforts should prioritize user-centered design, supportive policy development, and comprehensive training programs to facilitate robot adoption and enhance care quality. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024583919). No patient or public contribution was included in this study.

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