Three Decades of Smart Noninvasive Older Adults Monitoring: Trends in Objectives, Privacy Preserving, Modality and AI Assistance

Abstract

The aging population is growing rapidly, driving demand for effective, noninvasive monitoring solutions to support independent living and improve quality of life. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of noninvasive monitoring research of older adults from 1990 to 2024, covering 4,864 primary research articles retrieved from IEEE Xplore and ScienceDirect. A systematic methodology is utilized to classify studies by application orientation and analytical approach, followed by bibliometric and trend analyses. Research on noninvasive monitoring of older adults has shown steady fourfold growth over the past decades, reflecting increasing attention to smart, technology-driven aging care solutions. Keyword co-occurrence analysis revealed prominent themes, including artificial intelligence (AI), wearable technologies, IoT, and human activity recognition. Privacy-Preserving strategies have become a central focus, and AI-driven approaches have expanded rapidly since 2017. The majority of studies remain diagnostic-oriented, with only a very small portion explicitly targeting preventive monitoring. Overall, the field demonstrates rapid growth, diagnostic focus, privacy awareness, and increasing adoption of AI-assisted tools to support the aging population.

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