ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND TRANSHUMANISM: ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN HUMAN ENHANCEMENT

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has burst into the legal field as a tool with great potential to transform legal processes, posing benefits, risks and regulatory challenges. This study aimed to analyze the sociodemographic, professional and training factors that influence the adoption and perception of AI among legal professionals. To this end, a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional and correlational-explanatory design was developed, with a sample of 300 participants. Bivariate tests and multivariate models (logistic and linear regression) were applied to identify predictors of AI use and perceptions related to benefits, risks, regulation, and transhumanism. The results showed that 58% of the participants used AI tools in their professional work, with ChatGPT being the most used. Age behaved as a negative predictor of use, while work experience and AI training had positive effects. Likewise, it was evidenced that the female gender presented a higher adoption than the male gender. In terms of perceptions, users reported greater benefits and lower risk perception, while older and more experienced professionals showed greater skepticism and a stronger demand for regulation. An additional finding revealed that women and participants with AI training were more open to transhumanist debate. These results allow us to link theoretical debates with legal practice, highlighting the importance of promoting training programs, adequate regulatory frameworks and interdisciplinary reflection to consolidate an inclusive, efficient and ethically sustainable digital legal ecosystem.

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