Exploring Information Access in the UK Ageing, Dementia, & Mild Cognitive Impairment Population : A Survey and Focus Group Study

Abstract

Background: With the growing ageing population, technology that supports independent living is increasingly important. Web search systems are well-established, whereas Generative AI (e.g., ChatGPT) represents a newer, adaptive tool that could offer personalised information access. However, little is known about how older adults, particularly those with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) or mild dementia, perceive and engage with these systems. Objective: This study explored the use and perspectives of web search and Gen-AI in older adults with and without MCI. Methods: A UK-wide mixed-methods study was conducted with older adults, including those with MCI or mild dementia. An online survey captured technology use, Likert-scale ratings of web search and Generative AI, and reasons for non-use. Follow-up focus groups provided in-depth qualitative perspectives. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and comparative statistics, while qualitative data were thematically analysed. Results: Survey findings showed higher use of web search (98%) compared to Generative AI (14%) within these groups. Web search was rated positively across participants, although challenges were raised regarding the phrasing of queries and commercialisation. Gen-AI use was less common, but more than half of non-users expressed willingness to adopt it in future. Combined with focus group responses, themes exploring keyword searching, mistrust, lack of knowledge, and willingness to learn were established. Participants also suggested potential applications of Generative AI, such as supporting independent living through monitoring and simplifying complex searches. Conclusions: Web search remains the primary method, and participants highlighted both advantages and frustrations with current systems. Generative AI was underused but seen as promising, with its adoption mainly limited by mistrust and knowledge gaps. Our findings indicate that structured training, early introduction, and user-centred design could encourage adoption, enhance accessibility, and support independent living among older adults with and without MCI.

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