Artificial Intelligence in Outpatient Care in Times of Covid-19: A Multidisciplinary Comment on the Impact of a Notional Artificial Intelligence Based Clinical Decision Support System on Outpatient Care for Kidney Transplant Recipients (Preprint)

Abstract

<sec> <title>UNSTRUCTURED</title> The Covid-19 pandemic has put new demands on the medical systems worldwide. The pressure of taking far-reaching decisions within multiply limited resources under the constraint that personal contact must be minimized has evoked the question if technical support in the form of Artificial Intelligence (AI) could help leverage these challenges. At the same time, AI comes with its own issues such as limited transparency that cannot be neglected especially in a medical context. We will deliberate this in the domain of specialized outpatient care of kidney transplant recipients. In order to improve long-term care for these patients, we implemented a telemedicine functionality monitoring vital signs, medication adherence and symptoms at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin. This paper seeks to combine this established telemonitoring approach with methods from Artificial Intelligence proposing an AI-based clinical decision support system (AI-CDSS) that aims to detect Covid-19 and other severe diseases in this high-risk population. After analyzing medical needs and difficulties and suggesting possible technical solutions, we argue that AI-supported telemonitoring in outpatient care can play a valuable role in managing resources and risks in kidney transplant patients in times of Covid-19 and beyond. Additionally, regarding the multitude of ethical and legal questions arising when integrating AI into workflows, we exemplarily discuss the concept of meaningful human control and whether it is achievable with the proposed AI-CDSS. </sec>

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