Evaluation of “white code” notifications at the training and research hospital between 2015 and 2019

Abstract

Aim: This study has been carried out as part of the activities to define Workplace Violence (WPV) based on the white code system according to age, gender, types, sources, time-periods, and groups in health care professionals (HCPs). The white code notification is a government support system including a web address, a call center serving all day, and free legal support for HCPs. Material and Methods: A retrospective data-based study was realized by including 316 white code notifications at Gaziosmanpaa Training and Research Hospital in Istanbul, Turkey, between January 3, 2015 and January 1, 2019. The statistical significance level of tests was accepted as p<0.05 using statistical software SPSS version 22. Results: Samples consisted of 316 (mean age=31 6.8 years) HCPs (49% male, 51% female) who were reported in white code applications for four years. WPV was distributed as doctors in 160/316 (50.6%), nurses in 65/316 (20.6%), security personal in 50/316 (15.8%), secretary in 29/316 (9.2%) cases respectively. Nurses and medical secretaries exposed to violence aged under 30 years had a significantly higher rate than those aged 30 years old (p=0.002). The highest prevalence of violence in the hospital was in polyclinic rooms (66.5%). Distribution of WPV based on departments was as follows: emergency medicine (36.4%), pediatrics (16.5%), and internal medicine (7.3%). In this study, the most common type of violence was insult plus verbal threat (39.6%) and the most common reason was the waiting-line problem (21.8%). WPV was highest in the summer season (30.4%), around 12:00-16:00 hours (28.2%), and peaked in September (10.8%) and December (10.8%). WPV was shown increased in 2018 (31.6%) than that of 2015 (19.9%), 2016 (24.1%), and 2017 (24.4%) especially in doctors (p=0.002) and female HCPs (p<0.001). Discussion: The results of this research show the importance of increasing white code cases, especially the percentage of doctors and female HCPs. The implications of this study are expected to provide feedback in describing increased WPV to health workers. Institutions should train staff to handle violence, provide a therapeutic environment, simplify the reporting process, and encourage reporting of all types of violence.

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