The Human Factors of Artificial Intelligence – Where Are We Now and Where Are We Headed? Lessons Learned From AI in Healthcare

Abstract

In this chapter, we consider artificial intelligence (AI) within the context of the field of human factors. Our goal is to identify and characterize future opportunities and paths that will lead to the successful adoption of AI applications. As well, we describe tensions and barriers encountered in attempting to apply AI in complex real-world domains. In this chapter, the authors focus on lessons learned from the long history of developing AI applications in healthcare. In addition, opportunities and issues arising from the application of AI in healthcare are considered in the broader context of more effective approaches that will lead to greater user adoption and effectiveness. A focus of the discussion will be on the need for greater emphasis on human factors and understanding of how to more effectively integrate AI within human activities. It will be argued that this will be the key to facilitating AI in complex domains in the future.

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