Medical AI for Radiology: The Lost Cognitive Perspective

Abstract

The development and commercialisation of medical artificial intelligence (AI) decision-systems far outpaces our understanding of their value for clinicians. Although applicable across many forms of medicine, we focus on characterising the diagnostic decisions of radiologists, review the differences between clinician decision-making and medical AI model decision-making, and reveal how these differences pose fundamental challenges for integrating AI into radiology. We argue that clinicians are contextually motivated, mentally resourceful decision-makers, whereas AI models are contextually stripped, correlational decision-makers, and discuss misconceptions about clinician-AI interaction stemming from this misalignment of capabilities. We outline a series of recommendations for future research to enhance the safety and usability of AI models in high-risk medical decision-making contexts.

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