Gender Differences in Diabetes Care and Management Using AI

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects over half a billion people globally. Diabetes complications are frequent, and nearly half of all patients with diabetes have at least one comorbidity. These comorbidities, which include cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy and osteopathy, are associated with high mortality, morbidity and expense. In many ways, gender increases the relative chance of acquiring diabetes complications, both directly and indirectly. In general, women with diabetes have a higher proportional risk of cardiovascular disease and renal disease than men; the incidence of both diseases is substantially higher. Men appear to be at higher risk of diabetic retinopathy and insensate diabetic neuropathy, but women have a higher prevalence of painful diabetic neuropathy than men. These distinctions are not apparent and fluctuate spatially and temporally, indicating that more studies on the epidemiological and physiological mechanisms of observed patterns might improve this field. These distinctions should be included in treatment plans for diabetes and associated complications. In this chapter, a case study will be provided to give greater exposure to this subject and tp help researchers working in the same field.

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