Artificial intelligence and deep learning: Wittgenstein beats Plato

Abstract

The idea of thingsIn the 7th book of Politeia, Plato asked Socrates to recount the Allegory of the Cave: Forsee men as in a subterranean, cave-like dwelling, which has an entrance open to the light…..But they have light from a fire which burns behind them from above….How can such men ever see anything of themselves or of each other but the shadows which the fire casts on the wall of the cave facing them? 1 Plato thus saw reality as a shadow image of unchanging ideas-an at the time revolutionary yet not unproblematic concept. From genotype to phenotype-the nature vs. nurture debateNucleic acid sequences contain building instructions for our organs, our body, and our self.Could an organism be reconstructed by such a blueprint?Reality proofs that it is complicated: genetics is complemented by epigenetics, involving microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and histone modifications, as well as by post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications.Thus, the predetermined is transformed by the indeterminate.DNA alone does not provide a shadow, we would call it phenotype, with certainty.

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