Evaluation of ChatGPT’s Pathology Knowledge using Board-Style Questions

Abstract

Abstract Objectives ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot developed by OpenAI. Its extensive knowledge and unique interactive capabilities enable it to be utilized in various innovative ways in the medical field such as writing clinical notes, simplifying radiology reports. Through this study we aim to analyze its pathology knowledge to advocate its role in transforming pathology education. Methods American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) Resident Question bank (RQB) 2022 was used to test ChatGPT v4. Practice tests were created in each sub-category and were answered based on the input provided by ChatGPT. Questions that required interpretation of images were excluded. ChatGPT’s performance was analyzed and compared with the average peer performance. Results The overall performance of ChatGPT was 56.98%, lower than that of the average peer performance of 62.81%. ChatGPT performed better on clinical pathology (60.42%) than anatomic pathology (54.94%). Furthermore, its performance was better on easy questions (68.47%) compared to intermediate (52.88%) and difficult questions (37.21%). Conclusions ChatGPT has the potential to be a valuable resource in pathology education if trained on a larger, specialized medical dataset. Relying on it solely for the purpose of pathology training should be with caution, in its current form. Key points ChatGPT is an AI chatbot, that has gained tremendous popularity in multiple industries, including healthcare. We aim to understand its role in revolutionizing pathology education. We found that ChatGPT’s overall performance in Pathology Practice Tests were lower than that expected from an AI tool, furthermore its performance was subpar compared to pathology residents in training. In its current form ChatGPT is not a reliable tool for pathology education, but with further refinement and training it has the potential of being a learning asset.

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