Unveiling the ChatGPT phenomenon: Evaluating the consistency and accuracy of endodontic question answers

Abstract

Dear Editor, The scientific community is currently witnessing the emergence and rapid development of technologies that will change not only how we interact with information, but also how we approach problem solving. In this context, ChatGPT, an open access model based on large language models (LLMs), is generating significant research in the healthcare sector. This reflects the general consensus that this technology is not of fleeting novelty, but represents a significant change that has to be integrated into our future. Given that this tool is available to everyone, it is crucial for the scientific community to be actively involved in analysing its performance in order to reap its benefits or, if necessary, to take opposing positions based on critical evaluations. The letter has identified a limitation of our research: ChatGPT appears to be less accurate in answering simpler questions, and therefore, these authors suggest that to improve ChatGPT's response accuracy, future studies could focus on training the model on an expanded data set containing a wider range of less challenging questions. We, the authors, believe that ChatGPT's inferior performance on less complex questions may be due to the nature of its training. It is plausible that when interacting with ChatGPT, users are more inclined to seek ChatGPT's assistance for more complex queries or in highly specialized domains. As a result, the training data set for ChatGPT may be inherently biased towards more challenging scenarios and questions. We acknowledge and support the suggestion that further research should be undertaken using different approaches to more fully understand both the capabilities of ChatGPT and the limitations inherent in the model. The accumulation of evidence, both inaccuracies and successes, is essential to further our understanding of how these tools are shaping our future. In response to the concerns raised about the ethics and accuracy of the information provided by ChatGPT, we would like to reiterate our strong agreement with the premise that oversight, verification and strong ethics are critical to preventing the dissemination of misleading or harmful information. We recognize, as highlighted in our research, that despite the significant potential of ChatGPT and similar language models, they are not immune to deficiencies, particularly with regard to the generation of inaccurate responses. This is an aspect that requires ongoing attention and careful evaluation, particularly when considering the use of these technologies in sensitive contexts such as clinical decision-making. We believe that interaction with these computational models requires not only the formulation of prompts with unparalleled precision, but also the promotion of an educational programme aimed at healthcare professionals. This programme would aim to teach the proper use of advanced tools such as ChatGPT, emphasizing the need for a deep understanding of their functionalities and inherent limitations. In addition, we have highlighted the need for collaboration between endodontists and experts in medical informatics to develop validated data sets and careful evaluations that will allow a more accurate and rigorous comparison of the performance of LLMs in a clinical context. We are grateful for the opportunity to engage in this critical dialogue. We reaffirm our commitment to ongoing research to address these challenges, always with ethical principles and patient safety at the forefront. None. The authors deny any conflicts of interest. None. None. Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.

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