ChatGPT in Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Education

Abstract

Abstract Introduction Artificial intelligence refers to the ability of computer systems or machines to perform cognitive functions and tasks that are similar to those of humans. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge and interpretative abilities of ChatGPT-versions by administering a dentomaxillofacial radiology exam, comparing its performance with that of dentistry-students in Türkiye, and questioning the effectiveness of different language options. Methods This study is a descriptive research comparing the data obtained by presenting the midterm exam questions, which were routinely administered to 4thyear dental students, to ChatGPT versions 3.5 and 4 in both Turkish and English. Results Firstly the 20 test questions were evaluated. The p-value was <0.05, there is a significant difference between the ChatGPT answer sheets. ChatGPT-4 in English demonstrated the highest performance. Answer sheets of chatGPT-4 in Turkish and in English demonstrated the best performance with 5 correct answers in open-ended questions. Based on the answers obtained from 89 students to 20 test questions, a class profile was created. ChatGPT answer sheets and class-profile were analyzed, the p-value was p<0.05. Class-profile ranked first as ChatGPT-4 in English. It was found a significant difference between the answer-sheets of ChatGPT and the class-profile for open-ended questions(p<0.10). The most successful results were obtained from ChatGPT-4 in Turkish and English, as well as the class profile. Conclusion As a cautionary note to dental students, it is important to mention that ChatGPT's knowledge and perception in the field of oral and maxillofacial radiology are not yet sufficient, particularly for use in examinations.

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