Progress and challenges in the symbiosis of AI with science and medicine

Abstract

Generative AI, especially large language models (LLMs), promises a cognitive revolution akin to the industrial revolution. While showing impressive progress across scientific and medical domains, realizing AI's true symbiosis with these fields requires overcoming hurdles in four key areas. First, future model development must emphasize multimodal capabilities, open science, and diversity beyond English. Second, effective collaboration between AI experts and domain specialists is crucial for aligning models with real-world needs and ensuring interpretability when required. Third, AI education is needed to cultivate an AI-literate workforce adept at leveraging these tools responsibly. Fourth, promoting public trust through empirical validation and framing AI as supplementing rather than replacing human expertise are key for societal acceptance. Addressing these challenges can unlock generative AI's transformative potential for advancing knowledge creation, scientific discovery, and clinical care delivery.

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