What’s artificial intelligence (AI) got to do with it—inequality and public health?

Abstract

What's artificial intelligence (AI) got to do with it-inequality and public health?'We must work together for AI that bridges social, digital, and economic divides, not one that pushes us further apart.' 1In his article 'Getting AI Right' 2 James Maniyka writes: 'While the headlines tend to feature results and demonstrations of a future to come, AI and its associated technologies are already here and pervade our daily lives more than many realize.Examples include recommendation systems, search, language translators-now covering more than one hundred languages-facial recognition, speech to text (and back), digital assistants, chatbots for customer service, fraud detection, decision support systems, energy management systems, and tools for scientific research, to name a few'.He continues that in 2006 Nick Bostrom, 3 director of the Future of Humanity Institute at the University of Oxford noted, "a lot of cuttingedge AI has filtered into general applications, often without being called AI because once something becomes useful enough and common enough it's not labelled AI anymore".The term AI is a complex one.Marvin Minsky 4 called it a 'suitcase word' which according to him 'is packed variously, depending on who you ask'.I don't claim to understand the complex world of AI.My understanding of it is as outlined in the introduction of the UNESCO Artificial Intelligence and Gender Equality report 5 -'Simply put, artificial intelligence (AI) involves using computers to classify, analyze, and draw predictions from data sets, using a set of rules called algorithms.AI algorithms are trained using large datasets so that they can identify patterns, make predictions, recommend actions, and figure out what to do in unfamiliar situations, learning from new data and thus improving over time.The ability of an AI system to improve automatically through experience is known as Machine Learning (ML)'.However, AI is all pervading and if you believe some of the websites and CEOs of AI companies 6,7 it is offered as a panacea for a range of issues from ending poverty to reversing climate change.There is an increasing body of research on the impact of AI on inequality.One of the issues debated is whether AI technologies and their applications may, at least over the short to medium term, increase inequality due to AI automation. 8,9Research suggests that AI, which is expected to be

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