Novel ways of applying artificial intelligence in emergency medicine - literature review

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) holds immense promise for revolutionizing emergency medicine, expediting diagnosis and treatment decisions. This review explores AI’s wide-ranging applications in emergency care, ranging from managing out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) to diagnosing fractures, spine injuries, stroke, and pulmonary embolisms, and even assisting in search and rescue missions with snake robots. In OHCA cases, AI aids in early detection, survival prediction, and ECG waveform classification, bolstering prehospital care efficiency. AI-powered digital assistants like the AI4EMS platform optimize diagnosis and patient prioritization, reducing overlooked cases of cardiac arrest and improving response times. Furthermore, AI algorithms enhance the diagnosis of conditions such as pneumothorax, pulmonary emphysema, and fractures by analysing medical images with exceptional accuracy, often outperforming human experts. In stroke and pulmonary embolism, AI expedites diagnosis through automated imaging analysis, enabling swift treatment. AI may enhance triage methods with independent systems, improving patient sharing and treatment quality while minimizing infection risks, especially during pandemics. Medical professionals generally welcome AI triage systems, acknowledging their potential to enhance healthcare efficiency. It is important to understand the scope of development of AI in order to make its application beneficial.

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