Artificial Intelligence in Medicine

Abstract

This study examined the key risks associated with the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in medical practice, emphasizing the profound transformations that technology is driving in the healthcare sector. Based on a systematic literature review and consultation of other bibliographic sources, ten major risks were identified: biases, discrimination, social implications, bias denial, black-box problems, reinforcement of prejudices, explainability, transparency, intelligibility, and privacy. The development of AI in healthcare has led to systems that are far more autonomous and complex than initially expected, posing significant challenges due to their direct impact on human health. This situation highlights the need for regulation and oversight by the relevant public authorities. Although the regulation of new technologies requires careful consideration regarding when and how to regulate, the risks associated with AI in medicine are already well-recognized. Failing to intervene could be seen as governmental inaction in fulfilling the responsibility to ensure health and equity. AI should function as a support tool, not a replacement for physicians, ensuring that specialists validate the accuracy and effectiveness of algorithmic recommendations.

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