Exploring the Value and Regulatory Perspectives of Artificial Intelligence ChatGPT in Pharmacoeconomic: A Qualitative Study on Benefits, Risks, and Stakeholder Beliefs

Abstract

Background: Growth in artificial intelligence systems can allow the automation of a crucial section of the traditional manual work practiced in pharmacoeconomics and evidence synthesis. However, artificial intelligence has a low autonomous analytical skill capabilities. The objective is to conduct a thematic analysis of the benefits and risks of applying ChatGPT across various sub-disciplines within pharmacoeconomics analysis. A purposive sampling technique was used to select the participants, utilizing the convenience sampling approach. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, and thematic analysis was applied to identify themes within the data. The result shows that most of the respondents find AI ChatGPT helpful as it increases data analysis and processing efficiency, as well as improving real-time decision making. Additionally, the participants believe that information accessibility and dissemination are appealing features of AI ChatGPT. However, the respondents identified potential drawbacks in AI ChatGPT use, such as data quality and accuracy, contextual awareness limitations, privacy and security concerns, lack of responsibility and accountability, limitations in generalizability, social and ethical concerns, uncertainty understanding limitations, and amplification of bias. Employing ChatGPT in pharmacoeconomics presents significant potential for enhancing data processing efficiency, providing real-time decision support, and improving information accessibility for healthcare stakeholders. However, these benefits come with various risks and ethical challenges, including concerns about data accuracy, contextual awareness, security, accountability, generalizability, and potential bias amplification. By putting in place robust safeguards, adhering to ethical standards, and maintaining vigilant oversight, we can effectively leverage ChatGPT's potential while maintaining the principles of responsible, equitable, and ethical healthcare decision making.

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