The ethical issues in generative artificial intelligence: A systematic review

Abstract

As generative artificial intelligence (generative AI) technology rapidly develops, new tools are being introduced to the market, and its use in many areas, from education to healthcare, is quickly increasing. Therefore, ethical research must keep pace with these developments and address the new challenges. In this way, AI can benefit society and prevent potential harm. This study was conducted to identify ethical issues in the use of generative AI, highlight prominent issues, and provide an overview through a systematic literature review. A systematic search was conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect databases to retrieve articles examining ethical aspects of generative AI with no year restrictions. The search terms were "generative artificial intelligence," "generative AI," "GenAI," or "GAI," with the combination of "ethic," "ethics," or "ethical." Studies were selected using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Forty-three articles were included in the review after the screening process. According to the research results, the "justice and fairness" principle was emphasized in all the articles examined. The least examined ethical principles were the principle of "solidarity", which expresses unity in society or group, and the principle of "dignity", which means the value an individual feels for himself and his rights. The authors of the 43 articles are mainly from the United States (n = 31), followed by China (n = 15) and the United Kingdom (n = 13). Of the 43 articles reviewed, 41 mentioned ChatGPT, albeit as an example. This study reviews the literature on the ethical use of generative AI and presents challenges and solutions.

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