The Impact of ChatGPT on Student Learning Experience in Higher STEM Education: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

This research paper aims to analyse the significance and utilisation of artificial intelligence, with a particular focus on ChatGPT, in learning systems. Integrating AI tools like ChatGPT has become a prominent trend in education. This study examines the impact of ChatGPT in higher STEM education, drawing on scientific articles published between 2020 and 2024. It explores whether ChatGPT produces positive learning outcomes, the potential approaches for its application now and in the future, and its effectiveness as a teaching tool. Findings from this literature review highlight the numerous benefits of using ChatGPT in higher STEM education. These benefits include improved opportunities for students to engage with AI technology, the provision of personalised support that meets individual learning needs, and an overall increase in the quality of the learning experience. Furthermore, ChatGPT enables greater accessibility of information, which encourages deeper learning and better knowledge retention. Despite these advantages, it is crucial to acknowledge the ethical considerations and biases inherent in AI models that must be addressed. Empirical evidence suggests that ChatGPT significantly improves student engagement by delivering personalised responses tailored to individual learning needs, offering timely and constructive feedback and making information more easily accessible. Together, these factors contribute to improved educational outcomes and encourage the development of students' critical thinking skills. The inclusion of ChatGPT in educational contexts marks a transformative shift in teacher roles, moving away from traditional content delivery methods. This evolution fosters a personalised and differentiated learning environment, allowing teachers to respond more effectively to the diverse needs of their students. There are obvious limitations that require further study. The reason for the insufficient number of empirical research is that ChatGPT in education is a relatively new AI tool.

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