Neuradicon: Operational representation learning of neuroimaging reports

Abstract

Radiological reports typically summarize the content and interpretation of imaging studies in unstructured form that precludes quantitative analysis. This limits the monitoring of radiological services to throughput undifferentiated by content, impeding specific, targeted operational optimization. Here we present Neuradicon, a natural language processing (NLP) framework for quantitative analysis of neuroradiological reports. Our framework is a hybrid of rule-based and machine-learning models to represent neurological reports in succinct, quantitative form optimally suited to operational guidance. These include probabilistic models for text classification and tagging tasks, alongside auto-encoders for learning latent representations and statistical mapping of the latent space. We demonstrate the application of Neuradicon to operational phenotyping of a corpus of 336,569 reports, and report excellent generalizability across time and two independent healthcare institutions. In particular, we report pathology classification metrics with f1-scores of 0.96 on prospective data, and semantic means of interrogating the phenotypes surfaced via latent space representations. Neuradicon allows the segmentation, analysis, classification, representation and interrogation of neuroradiological reports structure and content. It offers a blueprint for the extraction of rich, quantitative, actionable signals from unstructured text data in an operational context. • Neuradicon is a new framework for the extraction and representation of neuroradiological reports for the purpose of quantitative operational optimisation of neuroradiological services. • Trained and validated on both retrospective (23 years) and prospective (2 years), multi-sitedata, including 336,569 radiological reports. • We derive rich, concept-linked, multi-modal joint demographic, anatomical, pathological, and instrumental representations that succinctly capture radiological appearances in anoperationally and clinically relevant manner. • We present the classification of reports into non-exclusive cardinal pathological domains,represented on a readily inspectable, two-dimensional manifold. • We present a facility for novel topological analysis of latent spaces for the statistically-supported characterisation of conjunctions of featurized appearances.

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