Assessing the Impact of Artificial Intelligence Applications on Diagnostic Accuracy in Saudi Arabian Healthcare: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a disruptive force with great potential to revolutionize healthcare. The integration of artificial intelligence in healthcare practices and its use in areas, such as the detection and diagnosis of diseases, has led to an increased interest in this topic, which has been key in informing this research study to determine its effect on diagnostic accuracy. However, the impact of AI on healthcare diagnostic accuracy, particularly in the context of Saudi Arabia, remains an underexplored area of research. Aim This systematic review sought to address this gap by analyzing the effect of AI applications' diagnostic accuracy in Saudi Arabia's healthcare. Methods The study employed a structured and systematic search strategy in compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria. Three databases were used to identify the articles, including PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL. The search for relevant articles linked to the impact of AI applications on diagnostic accuracy in the KSA healthcare sector was narrowed down to articles published between 2013 and 2023. This step generated 450 articles, which were further evaluated based on the inclusion criteria of the study to narrow down to 12 articles for analysis. Results 11 out of 12 studies were conducted between 2020 and 2023, indicating that the last three years have witnessed the largest number of studies on artificial intelligence. The included studies were conducted in KSA and within different hospitals. The studies included 7 cross-sectional studies, 3 observational studies (1 retrospective study), 1 experimental study, and 1 randomized controlled trial (RCT). They all showed that the use of AI has been increasing in healthcare, and its use is enhancing the overall healthcare outcomes and is helpful in a wide variety of diseases and conditions, including chronic diseases. Conclusion The models have shown that the use of AI is capable of enhancing diagnostics and treatment quality, which can be essential in planning for preventing care in line with Vision 2030. Hence, the findings of this systematic review can contribute to a better understanding of the role of AI applications in diagnostic accuracy within Saudi Arabia's healthcare and offer insights applicable to regions facing similar challenges. PROSPERO Registration Number 611347

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