Trends and emerging themes in the effects of generative artificial intelligence in education: A systematic review

Abstract

This paper systematically reviews the impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) in education from 2021 to 2024. The objective is to explore key trends, geographical distribution of research, and emerging themes in the educational use of GenAI, while addressing ethical challenges such as algorithmic bias, data privacy, and the digital divide. Using a systematic review methodology guided by four research questions, the study analyzes publications in Scopus to identify dominant research themes and leading countries in the field. Results indicate that the United States, the United Kingdom, and Singapore are the top contributors to GenAI research, with a primary focus on personalized learning and automated assessments. The review highlights a surge in publications, particularly in 2023, driven by advancements in AI tools like ChatGPT. It emphasizes the importance of international collaboration and proposes the need for regulatory frameworks to ensure the ethical integration of AI in education. This review offers valuable insights into the current state of GenAI research in education and provides recommendations for educators, policymakers, and researchers to navigate the challenges and opportunities of AI-driven learning.

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