Enfermería e inteligencia artificial en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Revisión sistemática integrativa

Abstract

This research examines the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in patient management within Intensive Care Units (ICU). We sought to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of its implementation. An integrative systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines using PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and the selection process was managed with Rayyan software. Out of 1273 studies reviewed, 55 were selected after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results demonstrate that AI has improved the diagnostic accuracy of some critical pathologies such as Sepsis and Respiratory Insufficiency, allowing timely intervention and better utilization of resources within hospitals. It was also noted that their incorporation into telemedicine systems allows for more efficient remote care, especially in areas that are underserved by specialists. However, there are challenges such as algorithmic bias, data fragmentation and staff reluctance. In conclusion, despite the advances and benefits that AI technology has shown, there is still a need to improve professional training and formulate definitive ethical and legal frameworks for the safe and effective integration of these technologies in critical care.

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