ChatGPT in Education: A Systematic Review on Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions

Abstract

This study presents a systematic review on the integration of ChatGPT in education, examining its opportunities, challenges and future directions. Utilizing the PRISMA framework, the review analyzes 40 peer-reviewed studies published from 2020 to 2024. Opportunities identified include the potential for ChatGPT to foster individualized educational experiences, tailoring learning to meet the needs of individual students. Its capacity to automate grading and assessments is noted as a time-saving measure for educators, allowing them to focus on more interactive and engaging teaching methods. However, the study also addresses significant challenges associated with utilizing ChatGPT in educational contexts. Concerns regarding academic integrity are paramount, as students might misuse ChatGPT for cheating or plagiarism. Additionally, issues such as ChatGPT bias are highlighted, raising questions about the fairness and inclusivity of ChatGPT-generated content in educational materials. The necessity for ethical governance is emphasized, underscoring the importance of establishing clear policies to guide the responsible use of AI in education. The findings highlight several key trends regarding ChatGPT’s role in enhancing personalized learning, automating assessments, and providing support to educators. The review concludes by stressing the importance of identifying best practices to optimize ChatGPT’s effectiveness in teaching and learning environments. There is a clear need for future research focusing on adaptive ChatGPT regulation, which will be essential as educational stakeholders seek to understand and manage the long-term impacts of ChatGPT integration on pedagogy.

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