Global Trends in the Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Reproductive Medicine: Insights from Surveys of International Fertility Specialists

Abstract

AI is increasingly integrated into reproductive medicine, particularly in in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryology. This study presents a comparative analysis of two global surveys conducted among IVF specialists and embryologists in 2022 (n=383) and 2025 (n=171) to assess the adoption, application, and perceptions of AI-based tools. In 2022, 24.8% of respondents used AI, primarily for embryo selection (86.3% of AI users), with strong interest in AI for sperm selection (87.5%) and embryo annotation (92.4%). By 2025, AI usage increased to 53.22% (regular or occasional use, n=91), with 21.64% (n=37) reporting regular use and 31.58% (n=54) reporting occasional use, with embryo selection remaining the dominant application (32.75%). Familiarity with AI increased notably, with 60.82% reporting at least moderate familiarity in 2025, compared to indirect evidence of lower familiarity in 2022. Key barriers to adoption included cost (38.01%) and lack of training (33.92%) in 2025, while ethical concerns and over-reliance on technology were significant risks (59.06% cited over-reliance). Both surveys highlighted optimism for AI’s potential, with 91.6% (n=351) in 2022 and 38.6% (n=66) in 2025 identifying embryo selection as a key benefit of AI. Additionally, 83.62% (n=143) of 2025 respondents were likely to invest in AI within 1–5 years, indicating strong interest in future adoption. These findings suggest a gradual increase in AI adoption, tempered by practical and ethical challenges, with implications for training, cost management, and ethical frameworks in reproductive medicine.

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