Artificial Intelligence in Medical Education

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is an emerging field of computer science that focuses on creating algorithms and software that imitate human thinking and decision-making.[1] As of today, the rapid emergence of AI has been attributed to the advancement of sophisticated algorithms, affordable graphic processors, and extensive annotated databases.[1] AI has emerged as an integral part of healthcare education and has been adopted by several institutions worldwide.[2,3] The use of AI in medical education is widespread in several Western countries, and this needs to be advocated in developing countries, too. Medical institutions in the developing world need to develop more infrastructural support, create awareness among medical educators and students about AI tools and implement AI-based tools in medical education.[4,5] The World Health Organization recognizes health technologies and AI-based products as the vital components of healthcare delivery, ensuring an additional 1 billion patients receive coverage, emergency care, and improved health conditions.[6] AI can assist healthcare providers in diagnosing ailments, clinical reasoning, data analysis, and making informed clinical decisions.[7,8] Today, AI-based products extend beyond imaging and pathology-based diagnostic modalities to include various medical fields such as rheumatology, neurology, endocrinology, ophthalmology, orthopedics, and surgery. These fields are also among the most prominent topics of medical research.[9] Application of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Education Advantages AI in medical education offers numerous potential benefits, including improved curriculum design and evaluation and the ability to implement innovative educational methods in clinical settings.[10] This section will review some of the advantages that have made the integration of AI in medical education an undeniable reality [Figure 1].Figure 1: Role of artificial intelligence in medical education The application of AI in medical education is accompanied by the expansion of the use of virtual reality (VR). VR can transform the future of medical education in various fields, such as anatomy and surgery, by providing innovative, efficient, and cost-effective solutions and leading to the promotion and acceleration of student education AI can perform formative and summative assessment processes with less time cost and also by providing feedback to students Clinical setting simulators can provide a stress-free educational environment where medical students can practice medical reasoning and learn from their mistakes. The use of AI in education increases transparency and allows for a meaningful comparison of the effectiveness of medical education across various countries and institutions Integrating AI into medical education allows for distance learning and makes medical education more accessible in areas with limited resources and remote locations AI can facilitate many active learning strategies, such as problem-based, case-based, small-group, and large-group learning AI can offer students the opportunity to learn continuously for 24 h, even without the active presence of their teachers or educational leaders, using methods like asynchronous learning AI has the potential to enhance the assessment of medical students’ clinical and diagnostic skills through a comprehensive review of the curriculum Financial resource limitation is one of the challenges of medical education, especially in developing countries. Challenges Developing the essential infrastructure and technological framework to support the effective implementation of AI-driven educational methods is difficult, particularly in areas with limited resources The integration of AI into medical education, specifically in clinical and case-based learning, presents ethical challenges The lack of a structured curriculum in some medical science fields on one hand and the absence of a digital medical education curriculum on the other hand diminishes the possibility of curriculum review and creates the challenges in achieving educational goals One of the benefits of using AI in education is the ability to provide faster feedback to students A malfunction in AI-based systems can disrupt the learning and evaluation process of students and thus pose challenges in assessing the achievement of educational goals The potential of AI to improve the quality of education is acknowledged, although experts have concerns regarding its widespread adoption in medical education due to the potential for increased cheating and plagiarism Challenges in effective interaction with AI-powered learning systems mainly arise from the knowledge gap between physicians/students and system designers Lack of suitable infrastructure for implementing a student mentoring program in AI-based technologies can negatively affect students’ educational process and hinder the alignment of the hidden curriculum with educational objectives The evaluation of AI-based educational strategies is often accompanied by numerous challenges that can hinder the awareness of the extent of access to educational goals.

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