AI and Machine Learning:Internet Research Ethics Guidelines

Abstract

The AoIR guidelines 2019 (Internet Research Ethics 3.0) are a collaborative document that builds on the previous guidelines (IRE 1.0, 2002; IRE 2.0, 2012) and should be read in conjunction with those.IRE 3.0 is written especially for researchers, students, IRB members or technical developers who face ethical concerns during their research or are generally interested in Internet Research Ethics.As with the previous two AoIR documents, IRE 3.0 is premised on primary commitments to ethical pluralism and cross-cultural awareness, coupled with the experientially-grounded view that ethics starts by asking and answering critical questions rather than taking a more deductive, rule-oriented approach.In particular, long experience with both numerous real-world examples and critical reflection now shows us that each context and stage of research is different and provokes distinct questions.This Preview seeks to guide you through the most relevant issues by asking for your research phase and context.In doing so, the Preview provides an initial starting point and points towards further resources.As with the IRE 3.0 guidelines and affiliated materials, we hope to build upon and improve this Preview in the future.If you find anything unclear or missing, don't hesitate to get in touch.Notice that each and every point is open for debate and ethics is an ongoing process.If you are a student, you may find the 2002 guidelines (IRE 2.0) a good starting point of reflection.If you are looking for a draft to obtain informed consent, look into the appendix of the 2002 guidelines (IRE 1.0, https://aoir.org/reports/ethics.pdf; IRE 2.0, https://aoir.org/reports/ethics2.pdf).If you are a researcher, you might want to begin with the 2019 guidelines to see if the provided resources are a helpful starting point.If you are looking for ways to solve the issue of informed consent you might want to have a look into the appendices of the 2002 document.A catalogue of important questions to start with can be found in the 2012 guidelines.For additional information, especially that focuses on recent technological developments, you might find the 2019 document a useful.Especially political and institutional pressure on researcher has gained importance.If you are an IRB, Ethical Review Board, or member of a similar research ethics oversight board, we highly encourage you to take a look into the 3.0 guidelines.Notice that we emphasize deliberative processes of ethical reflection.At the same time, we believe that in times of Big Data, experimental research needs to be done that requires considerations beyond informed consent, but further includes careful reflection on research design, the context of research, and the basic requirement to minimize associated risks and harms.An ongoing ethical reflection might be more helpful and beneficial in the long term for society than now restricting research.If you are a developer, you might find it helpful to have a closer look into the Companion Resources (6.0).These include "AI and Machine Learning: Internet Research Ethics Guidelines" (6.1) and an "Impact Model" (6.4) for ethical reflection which may be helpful.

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