The Potential of ChatGPT as an Aiding Tool for the Neuroradiologist

Abstract

Abstract Purpose This study aims to explore whether ChatGPT can serve as an assistive tool for neuroradiologists in establishing a reasonable differential diagnosis in central nervous system tumors based on MRI images characteristics. Methods This retrospective study included 50 patients aged 18-90 who underwent imaging and surgery at the Western Galilee Medical Center. ChatGPT was provided with demographic and radiological information of the patients to generate differential diagnoses. We compared ChatGPT’s performance to an experienced neuroradiologist, using pathological reports as the gold standard. Quantitative data were described using means and standard deviations, median and range. Qualitative data were described using frequencies and percentages. The level of agreement between examiners (neuroradiologist versus ChatGPT) was assessed using Fleiss’ kappa coefficient. A significance value below 5% was considered statistically significant. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics, version 27. Results The results showed that while ChatGPT demonstrated good performance, particularly in identifying common tumors such as glioblastoma and meningioma, its overall accuracy (48%) was lower than that of the neuroradiologist (70%). The AI tool showed moderate agreement with the neuroradiologist (kappa = 0.445) and with pathology results (kappa = 0.419). ChatGPT’s performance varied across tumor types, performing better with common tumors but struggling with rarer ones. Conclusion This study suggests that ChatGPT has the potential to serve as an assistive tool in neuroradiology for establishing a reasonable differential diagnosis in central nervous system tumors based on MRI images characteristics. However, its limitations and potential risks must be considered, and it should therefore be used with caution.

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