Application of artificial intelligence in medical risk prediction: Bibliometric analysis

Abstract

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) has played an important role in the field of medical risk prediction with its strong learning ability and data processing capabilities. With the rapid development of research in this field, it is necessary to conduct quantitative literature analysis to understand the development trends and research hotspots of AI in the field of medical risk prediction. Objective: Through a comprehensive bibliometric analysis, this paper summarizes the development stage and key research hotspots of the application of AI in the field of medical risk prediction in the past 20 years. Additionally, we provide a thorough analysis of emerging trends and future directions, offering insights into how advancements in AI are likely to shape risk prediction methodologies and their clinical applications in the years to come. Methods: Relevant articles from the establishment of the database to 2024 were retrieved through Science Citation Index and Social Sciences Citation Index of the Web of Science Core Collection. Citespace, VOSviewer, Scimago Graphica, Pajek, and other software were used for bibliometric and visual analysis. Result: A total of 2080 articles were included. From 1986 to 2004, this field experienced a slow development period, with the number of papers published per year less than 10. From 2005 to 2020, the number of papers published increased with a linear trend, and entered an exponential rapid growth stage after 2020, with the development entering a mature stage. The United States was the country with the most extensive cooperation and the largest number of publications (652 articles, 31.35%). The diseases, AI technologies, and functions that have received the most attention in this field are cancer, machine learning, and prediction, respectively. Conclusions: Artificial intelligence in medical risk prediction has transitioned from technical exploration to a critical component of clinical practice, expanding from single-disease forecasts to complex, multimodal assessments. Advances in machine learning and personalized medicine have integrated AI into medical decision-making and management, yet widespread adoption requires addressing challenges related to interpretability, privacy, ethics, reliability, and standardization. In the future, AI is expected to significantly enhance prediction accuracy, optimize health management, and advance personalized medicine.

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