ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON NEUROLOGY

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has promoted significant advances in neurology, an area marked by diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to the complexity of the nervous system. The objective of this study was to synthesize the current evidence on the applications of AI in neurological practice. This is a descriptive review of the literature in the Medline databases, including articles from 2015 to 2025. Initially, 710 articles were found, of which 60 were selected after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. The studies analyzed show that the technology contributes to the early detection of disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, epilepsy, and stroke by identifying subtle patterns in clinical, genomic, and imaging data that often go unnoticed by specialists. In neuroimaging analysis, AI improves the identification and characterization of lesions, in addition to optimizing the acquisition and quality of exams, reducing time, costs, and radiation exposure. Precision medicine is also highlighted, in which personalized algorithms favor individualized therapies, more accurate prognoses, and greater patient adherence. Furthermore, AI-integrated brain-computer interfaces represent an innovation for rehabilitation and functional assistance for individuals with severe neurological impairments. Despite promising results, challenges remain related to database standardization, robust clinical validation, and ethical issues involving transparency and accountability in the use of these technologies. It is concluded that AI ushers in a new era in neurology, with the potential to transform diagnostic, therapeutic, and rehabilitative care in an ethical and patient-centered manner.

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