A systematic review of generative AI: importance of industry and startup-centered perspectives, agentic AI, ethical considerations & challenges, and future directions

Abstract

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) is rapidly redefining the landscape of work organizations and society at large. GenAI has rapidly evolved from rule-based symbolic systems ofThe 1940 s to advanced deep learning architectures capable of producing human-like content across modalities, such as text, images, audio, and video. This review focuses on current emerging trends, such as large concept models and critical comparisons of tools, including ChatGPT, Gemini, and Claude. This study synthesizes evidence of GenAI’s essential role across major industries, revealing transformative applications in the finance, cloud and IT, healthcare, education, and energy sectors. The paper also highlights the unique opportunities GenAI offers for start-ups, enabling agile projects to leverage cutting-edge technology for competitive advantage. However, the deployment of GenAI systems through edge devices also raises critical challenges related to ethics, transparency, bias, accountability, computational issues, and many more. To address these complexities, this paper examines emerging approaches such as AI agents, agentic AI, and multi-agent systems that aim to extend the functionality of GenAI through autonomy, goal-directed behavior, and collaborative intelligence. It discovers novel incorporations with agentic AI architecture, such as BabyAGI, and discusses emerging issues of coordination, hallucination, and security risks. The findings reveal persistent challenges related to scalability, interpretability, and regulatory compliance while identifying future research directions toward developing more sophisticated, ethical, and accessible GenAI systems that will continue to reshape technological landscapes and societal interactions. This systematic review informs researchers, academicians, data scientists, and developers about the latest advancements in GenAI and highlights its applications and role across various industries, as well as supporting practitioners and scholars in staying current with the rapidly evolving landscape of generative technologies.

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