Artificial Intelligence Use in Primary Care: Attitudes, Concerns, and Readiness among Health Professionals in Metropolitan Australia

Abstract

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) holds promise for improving efficiency and decision support in primary care. However, little is known about how primary care professionals in Australia, particularly within metropolitan regions, currently perceive and use AI tools. Objective: To evaluate the use of and attitudes toward AI among general practice clinicians and staff in Australia, including familiarity, confidence, perceived benefits and concerns, policy awareness, and readiness for adoption. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among general practitioners, non-GP specialists, allied health practitioners, nurses, and administrative staff in Australian primary care settings. The questionnaire assessed participants’ experience, familiarity and confidence using AI (rated on 5-point scales), concerns, policy awareness, understanding of AI bias, willingness to adopt AI, and preferred areas of application. Descriptive statistics and exploratory subgroup comparisons by role and experience were performed; these were descriptive observations given the small sample size. Results: A total of 39 primary care professionals were recruited. Overall familiarity with AI was low (mean ratings ~2/5), and self-rated confidence in using AI tools was modest. The most cited concerns were data privacy, AI errors or “hallucinations,” and integration challenges. Awareness of official AI policies was limited. Around two-thirds acknowledged AI’s potential biases. Notably, 64% expressed willingness to incorporate AI into practice; none explicitly refused. Participants saw AI as most useful for drafting documentation, handling administrative tasks, and monitoring follow-up. Conclusion: Primary care professionals in a metropolitan region of Sydney, Australia, show cautious optimism toward AI. While familiarity is limited, many are open to using AI for streamlining tasks. Addressing data security, reliability, and system integration concerns will be key, along with increasing education and supportive policies.

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