Exploring trust in generative AI for higher education institutions: a systematic literature review focused on educators

Abstract

Although Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) offers transformative opportunities for higher education, its adoption by educators remains limited, primarily due to trust concerns. This systematic literature review aims to synthesise peer-reviewed research conducted between 2019 and August 2024 on the factors influencing educators’ trust in GenAI within higher education institutions. Using PRISMA 2020 guidelines, this study identified 37 articles at the intersection of trust factors, technology adoption, and GenAI impact in higher education from educators’ perspectives. Our analysis reveals that existing AI trust frameworks fail to capture the pedagogical and institutional dimensions specific to higher education contexts. We propose a new conceptual model focused on three dimensions affecting educators’ trust: (1) individual factors (demographics, pedagogical beliefs, sense of control, and emotional experience), (2) institutional strategies (leadership support, policies, and training support), and (3) the socio-ethical context of their interaction. Our findings reveal a significant gap in institutional leadership support, whereas professional development and training were the most frequently mentioned strategies. Pedagogical and socio-ethical considerations remain largely underexplored. The practical implications of this study emphasise the need for institutions to strengthen leadership engagement, align GenAI adoption strategies with educators’ values, and develop comprehensive training frameworks that address ethical and pedagogical concerns. This work contributes a multidimensional view of educators’ trust in GenAI and provides a foundation for future research.

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